傳動軸是由軸管、伸縮套和萬向節組成。十字滾針軸承能自動調節變速器與驅動橋之間距離的變化。十字萬向節是保證(zheng)變(bian)速器(qi)輸出軸與(yu)驅動橋輸入軸兩軸線夾角的變(bian)化(hua)，并實現兩軸的等(deng)角速傳動。

傳動軸中(zhong)的十(shi)字萬向節

1.作用：

一般(ban)十(shi)字萬(wan)(wan)(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)由十(shi)字軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、十(shi)字軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承和凸緣(yuan)叉等組(zu)成。十(shi)字萬(wan)(wan)(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)是汽車傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)上的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)部件。在前(qian)(qian)置發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)后(hou)輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)車輛(liang)上，十(shi)字萬(wan)(wan)(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)安裝(zhuang)在變速(su)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)橋(qiao)主(zhu)減速(su)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)間；而(er)前(qian)(qian)置發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)前(qian)(qian)輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)車輛(liang)省(sheng)略了(le)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，十(shi)字萬(wan)(wan)(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)安裝(zhuang)在既負(fu)(fu)責(ze)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)又負(fu)(fu)責(ze)轉向(xiang)的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)橋(qiao)半軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)車輪(lun)之(zhi)間。車輛(liang)在運(yun)行中(zhong)路面不平(ping)產生跳(tiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，負(fu)(fu)荷變化或者(zhe)兩個(ge)總成安裝(zhuang)位(wei)置差(cha)異(yi)，都會使得變速(su)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)橋(qiao)主(zhu)減速(su)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)夾角和距離發(fa)生變化，因(yin)此要用一個(ge)“以變應變”的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置來解決這一個(ge)問題(ti)，因(yin)此就有了(le)十(shi)字萬(wan)(wan)(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)。

2.傳動特點：

在(zai)(zai)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)前置后輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(或全輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong))的汽車(che)上，由于汽車(che)在(zai)(zai)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過程中懸(xuan)架變(bian)形，驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)主減速(su)器輸(shu)入軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與變(bian)速(su)器(或分動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)箱)輸(shu)出軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)間經常(chang)有相(xiang)對運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，此外，為有效避開某些(xie)機(ji)構或裝置(無法實(shi)現(xian)直線傳遞)，有一種(zhong)裝置來實(shi)現(xian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力的正常(chang)傳遞，于是就出現(xian)了十字(zi)萬(wan)向節傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。十字(zi)萬(wan)向節傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)具備以下特點：

a 、保證所連接兩軸的相對位置(zhi)在預計范(fan)圍(wei)內變動時，能可靠(kao)地(di)傳遞(di)動力；

b 、保證所(suo)連(lian)接兩軸能均勻運轉。由于(yu)十字(zi)萬向節夾角而產生的附加載荷、振動(dong)和噪聲應在允許范圍內；

c 、傳(chuan)動(dong)效(xiao)率要高，使用壽命(ming)長，結構簡單，制造方(fang)便，維修(xiu)容易(yi)。對汽(qi)車而言(yan)，由于一個十(shi)(shi)字軸(zhou)萬(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)的(de)(de)輸出軸(zhou)相(xiang)對于輸入軸(zhou)(有一定的(de)(de)夾(jia)角)是(shi)不等(deng)速旋轉的(de)(de)，為此采用雙萬(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)(或多(duo)萬(wan)向(xiang)節(jie))傳(chuan)動(dong)，并把(ba)同(tong)傳(chuan)動(dong)軸(zhou)相(xiang)連(lian)的(de)(de)兩(liang)個萬(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)叉布置在同(tong)一平面，且使兩(liang)十(shi)(shi)字萬(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)的(de)(de)夾(jia)角相(xiang)等(deng)。這一點(dian)是(shi)十(shi)(shi)分(fen)重要的(de)(de)。在設計時應(ying)盡(jin)量減(jian)小十(shi)(shi)字萬(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)的(de)(de)夾(jia)角。